<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Subscription journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Subscription journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подписной журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16190</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспертная практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床病例报告</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Birth injuries in an extremely low birth weight newborn delivered by cesarean section: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Родовые повреждения у новорождённого с экстремально низкой массой тела, родившегося путём операции кесарева сечения: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>剖宫产极低体重出生儿产伤：临床病例</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-2975</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4298-5402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorun</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горун</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gorun</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>katuhka30@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-4534</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1764-7532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parilov</surname><given-names>Sergey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парилов</surname><given-names>Сергей Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Parilov</surname><given-names>Sergey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>parilov.s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3134-8457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>mcsim2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State University of Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет просвещения</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">State University of Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-26"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16190">https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16190</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There has been a recent increase in the proportion of newborns with extremely low birth weight. Prematurity is one of the risk factors for birth trauma. However, the relevant biomechanical mechanisms are described in Russian publications only for full-term newborns. Meanwhile, in foreign countries there is a current practice of reducing the number of autopsies, especially for extremely low birth weight newborns. Consequently, practical experience concerning birth injuries in extremely low birth weight newborns is highly appreciated.</p> <p>The article discusses the morphological characteristics of the injury in an extremely low birth weight newborn delivered by cesarean section. The forensic examination revealed birth injuries consisting of soft tissues hemorrhages in the trunk, upper and lower extremities as a result of compression of the fetus during its extraction through a surgical incision in the uterus. Additionally, the examination revealed abnormal cranial configuration and soft tissue hemorrhages in the occipital region and left temporal muscle.</p> <p>The increasing tensional stress resulted in the dissociation of the medullary veli and the falx cerebri, with an intradural hemorrhage in its posterior portion. Therefore, the reported case demonstrates the severity and the characteristics of the injury in an extremely low birth weight newborn as a result of an emergency cesarean section.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время отмечается увеличение доли новорождённых с экстремально низкой массой тела. В свою очередь, недоношенность является одним из факторов риска родовой травмы. Тем не менее в отечественной литературе описаны её биомеханизмы только для доношенных новорождённых. Одновременно с этим в зарубежных странах отмечают тенденцию снижения числа аутопсий, в частности новорождённых с экстремально низкой массой тела. В связи с этим накопление практического опыта в отношении родовых травм у новорождённых с экстремально низкой массой тела представляет значительный интерес.</p> <p>В статье описаны морфологические особенности повреждения у новорождённого с экстремально низкой массой тела, рождённого путём операции кесарева сечения. Результаты судебно-медицинского исследования свидетельствуют о родовых повреждениях в виде кровоизлияний в мягкие ткани туловища, верхних и нижних конечностей, возникшие вследствие сдавления плода при извлечении его через операционный разрез на матке. Также выявлены нарушения конфигурации костей черепа, кровоизлияния в мягкие ткани заушной области и левую височную мышцу.</p> <p>Нарастающее напряжение растяжения привело к разволокнению в парусах мозжечкового намёта и серповидном отростке с формированием интрадурального кровоизлияния в его задней части. Таким образом, описанный случай иллюстрирует объём и особенности повреждения у новорождённого с экстремально низкой массой тела в результате экстренной операции кесарева сечения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>目前，极低体重出生儿的比例有所增加。因此，早产是产伤的危险因素之一。在俄罗斯国内文献中，仅描述了足月新生儿的生物机制。与此同时，在国外，尸体剖检，尤其是极低出生体重儿的尸体剖检数量呈下降趋势。因此，积累极低体重出生儿产伤的实践经验具有重要意义。</p> <p>本文描述了剖宫产极低体重出生儿产伤的形态特征。法医研究结果表明，产伤表现为由于胎儿通过子宫切口取出时受到挤压而造成的躯干、上肢和下肢软组织出血。同时，发现颅骨结构损伤、耳后软组织和左颞肌出血。</p> <p>增加拉伸应力导致小脑幕和镰状韧带纤维分离，并在其后部形成硬脑膜内出血。因此，所描述的病例说明了紧急剖宫产手术导致的极低体重出生儿产伤的范围和特征。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>newborn</kwd><kwd>birth injury</kwd><kwd>extremely low body weight</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорождённый</kwd><kwd>родовая травма</kwd><kwd>экстремально низкая масса тела</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>新生儿</kwd><kwd>产伤</kwd><kwd>极低体重</kwd><kwd>病例报告</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sokolovskaya TA, Stupak VS, Son IM, et al. Premature children with extremely low body weight: dynamics of morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation. Far Eastern Medical Journal. 2020;(3):119–123. doi: 10.35177/1994-5191-2020-3-119-123 EDN: PNLZIG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Valiulina A Ya, Akhmadeyeva EN, Kryvkina NN. The problems and perspectives of successful resuscitation and rehabilitation children born with low and extremely low birth weight. The Bulletine of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2013;6(1):34–41. doi: 10.20969/VSKM.2013.6(1).34-41 EDN: PYUCNF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Parilov SL. Birth trauma of the nervous system in children. Moscow: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; 2018. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kozlov YuA, Kapuller VM. Birth trauma of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space in newborns. Pediatriya. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2020;99(5):175–184. doi: 10.24110/0031-403X-2020-99-5-175-184 EDN: MMIRUR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>de Sévaux JLH, Nikkels PGJ, Lequin MH, Groenendaal F. The value of autopsy in neonates in the 21st century. Neonatology. 2019;115(1):89–93. doi: 10.1159/000493003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Patankar SP, Patankar SS. Penetrating abdominal injury and peritonitis: a rare case of birth Injury. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. 2008;13(1):22–24. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.42569</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Gorun EYu. Differential diagnosis of traumatic hemorrhages in a newborn with extremely low body weight during luminescence: a case from practice. In: Materials of the XI International Congress «Current issues of forensic medicine and expert practice — 2024». Moscow, 2024 Apr 17–18. P. 45–46. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Parilov SL, Zemlyansky DYu, Gorun EYu, Koshak KV. Causes, features of the mechanism and expert interpretation of birth trauma in newborns with extremely low body weight (500–1000 g). Izbrannyye voprosy sudebno-meditsinskoy ekspertizy. 2020;19:97–100. (In Russ) EDN: LGVXLE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ailamazyan EK, Kulakov VI, Radzinsky VE, Savelyeva GM editors. Obstetrics: national guidelines. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2014. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
