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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Subscription journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Subscription journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подписной журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16227</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16227</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects of spectroscopy in forensic practice: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы применения спектроскопии в судебно-медицинской практике: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>光谱学在法医学实践中的应用前景：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3594-0328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agnokova</surname><given-names>Kamilla B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агнокова</surname><given-names>Камилла Беслановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Agnokova</surname><given-names>Kamilla B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>formedkey@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-2553</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4699-4950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhabidov</surname><given-names>Agakerim Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихабидов</surname><given-names>Агакерим Замилевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shikhabidov</surname><given-names>Agakerim Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>agakerim.shikhabidov@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7447-1080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkoda</surname><given-names>Kseniya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкода</surname><given-names>Ксения Денисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shkoda</surname><given-names>Kseniya D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shkodinkaaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-1894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9770-3342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>Fatima A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырова</surname><given-names>Фатима Арсеновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>Fatima A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kadyrova.fatima.01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-8076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mugadova</surname><given-names>Minazhat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мугадова</surname><given-names>Минажат Адильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mugadova</surname><given-names>Minazhat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mina.mugadova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9288-7002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>Dzhamilya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багирова</surname><given-names>Джамиля Руслановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>Dzhamilya R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Dzamilabagirova25@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8563-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Temirova</surname><given-names>Makhlie Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темирова</surname><given-names>Махлиё Шухратбековна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Temirova</surname><given-names>Makhlie Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>majatemirova7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5793-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abueva</surname><given-names>Zalina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуева</surname><given-names>Залина Арсланбековна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abueva</surname><given-names>Zalina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Zali02@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4485-9443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>Imani A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимова</surname><given-names>Имани Арбиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>Imani A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>madayeva.02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8569-1059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamzatova</surname><given-names>Apam G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамзатова</surname><given-names>Апам Гаджимуратовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gamzatova</surname><given-names>Apam G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gamzatova0030@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3154-9015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhmudova</surname><given-names>Mariyan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махмудова</surname><given-names>Мариян Ахмедовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Makhmudova</surname><given-names>Mariyan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mariyan.makhmudova.23@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8894-5133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>Darya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>Darya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>panchenko-katalevskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4816-3201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Turazova</surname><given-names>Malika R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туразова</surname><given-names>Малика Рамзановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Turazova</surname><given-names>Malika R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>malika.turazova99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astrakhan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Astrakhan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kadyrov Chechen State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Чеченский государственный университет имени А.А. Кадырова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kadyrov Chechen State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16227">https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16227</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reviews the perspectives of spectroscopy in forensic practice. Spectroscopy is a pivotal analytical tool for the investigation of biological physical evidence. The primary focus of this study is on two major methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is based on the absorption and transmission of infrared radiation by the sample. This approach can be used to determine the molecular composition and chemical bonds in the sample. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy uses laser light scattering to analyze the molecular structure and chemical composition of samples. Both methods are highly precise, fast, and non-destructive, making them vital in forensic medicine. Successful applications of spectroscopy in forensic practice include the identification of various biological fluids such as blood, semen, and saliva. Consequently, Fourier infrared spectroscopy can differentiate between blood types, including peripheral and menstrual, detect specific molecules and determine their concentrations. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully used to identify the blood of an adult and a newborn. The integration of spectroscopic methods with chemometric approaches and machine learning algorithms is a promising area. This integration facilitates the processing of large amounts of spectra, improves the analytical accuracy, and enables the identification of the test sample. These approaches have been shown to provide more accurate and reliable identification of causes of death and physical evidence.</p> <p>Consequently, the advanced spectroscopic methods offer fast, accurate and reliable tools for forensic examinations. These methods contribute to the advancement of interdisciplinary teamwork and the introduction of the latest technologies into practice, which leads to the improvement of the quality of forensic examinations and the solution of practical challenges.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье обсуждаются перспективы использования спектроскопии в судебно-медицинской практике. Спектроскопия служит важным аналитическим инструментом для исследования вещественных доказательств биологического происхождения. Основное внимание уделено двум основным методам: инфракрасной Фурье-спектроскопии и рамановской спектроскопии. Инфракрасная Фурье-спектроскопия характеризуется воздействием инфракрасного излучения на образец с последующим анализом спектра поглощения или прохождения света. Этот метод позволяет определять молекулярный состав и химические связи в исследуемом материале. Рамановская спектроскопия, напротив, использует лазерное рассеяние света для анализа молекулярной структуры и химического состава образцов. Оба метода обладают высокой точностью, скоростью и возможностью проведения неразрушающего анализа, что делает их незаменимыми в судебной медицине. Примеры успешного применения спектроскопии в судебной практике включают идентификацию различных биологических жидкостей, таких как кровь, сперма и слюна. Так, инфракрасная Фурье-спектроскопия позволяет различать типы крови, включая периферическую и менструальную, а также определять наличие и концентрацию определённых молекул. В свою очередь, рамановскую спектроскопию успешно применяют для идентификации крови взрослого человека и новорождённого. Важное место занимает интеграция спектроскопических методов с хемометрическими подходами и алгоритмами машинного обучения. Это позволяет обрабатывать большие объёмы спектральных данных, улучшать точность анализа и идентифицировать исследуемые образцы. Такие подходы обеспечивают более точное и надёжное установление причин смерти и идентификацию вещественных доказательств.</p> <p>Таким образом, современные спектроскопические методы предлагают быстрые, точные и надёжные инструменты для судебно-медицинской экспертизы. Они способствуют развитию междисциплинарного сотрудничества и внедрению новейших технологий в практику, что ведёт к повышению качества судебно-медицинских экспертиз и разрешению сложных практических задач.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>文章讨论了光谱学在法医学实践中的应用前景。光谱学是研究生物来源物证的重要分析工具。重点介绍了两种主要方法：傅里叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱。傅里叶红外光谱的特征是将红外辐射照射到样品上，然后分析光的吸收光谱或光透射光谱。这种方法可以确定所研究材料中的分子组成和化学键结。相反，拉曼光谱使用激光散射来分析样品的分子结构和化学成分。这两种方法都具有高精度、快速性和无损分析的能力，从而使它们在法医学中不可或缺。在司法实践中成功应用光谱学的例子很多，包括鉴定各种生物液体，如血液、精液和唾液。因此，傅立叶红外光谱可以帮助区分血型，包括外周血和月经血，以及确定一定分子的存在和浓度。与此同时，拉曼光谱已成功用于识别成人和新生儿的血液。光谱学方法与化学计量学方法和机器学习算法的融合具有重要意义。这有助于处理大量光谱数据、提高分析精度和识别研究样品。这种方法可以更准确和可靠地确定死因和识别物证。</p> <p>因此，现代光谱技术为法医鉴定提供了快速、准确和可靠的工具。有助于发展综合学科合作，将最新技术引入实践，从而提高法医鉴定的质量并解决复杂的实际问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>forensic medicine</kwd><kwd>Fourier spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>Raman spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>physical evidence</kwd><kwd>analysis</kwd><kwd>cause of death</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>судебная медицина</kwd><kwd>Фурье-спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>рамановская спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>вещественные доказательства</kwd><kwd>анализ</kwd><kwd>причина смерти</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>光谱学</kwd><kwd>法医学</kwd><kwd>傅里叶光谱</kwd><kwd>拉曼光谱</kwd><kwd>物证</kwd><kwd>分析</kwd><kwd>死因</kwd><kwd>审查</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Boyko IB. 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