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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Subscription journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Subscription journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подписной журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LEIXOB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expert methods for determining the speed of a vehicle at the moment of collision with a pedestrian: current state of the issue (a review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспертные методы установления скорости движения автотранспортного средства в момент столкновения его с пешеходом: современное состояние вопроса (обзор)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>机动车在与行人碰撞瞬间行驶速度的鉴定方法：问题的现状综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9472-7264</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3275-3730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vavilov</surname><given-names>Alexey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вавилов</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vavilov</surname><given-names>Alexey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>izhsudmed@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2561-2517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>animat20@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-8832</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7054-5195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerzyanov</surname><given-names>Marat I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимерзянов</surname><given-names>Марат Исмагилович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Timerzyanov</surname><given-names>Marat I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>Marat.Timerzyanov@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканское бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-27"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-08-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16267">https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16267</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Knowing the vehicle’s speed at the moment of collision with a pedestrian is essential for investigators and law enforcement officers to lawfully and accurately interpret the driver’s actions and contributing factors during a traffic accident. However, only a few objective methods for determining vehicle speed are applicable in expert practice.</p> <p>This article examines the current state of this issue based on a review of contemporary Russian and international scientific sources. Existing methods are examined based on their core principle. It is shown that objective assessment of a vehicle’s speed at the moment of impact with a stationary obstacle (a pedestrian) is a complex task that requires the use of several approaches with varying degrees of applicability. Further research is needed into the morphological analysis of the conditions and circumstances of traffic accidents involving a moving vehicle and a stationary pedestrian, taking into account the design features of modern vehicles. This will contribute not only to a more thorough and objective investigation of road traffic accidents, but also to the advancement of forensic medicine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Знание скорости транспортного средства в момент столкновения его с пешеходом необходимо сотруднику органов следствия и дознания, для того чтобы юридически верно интерпретировать действия водителя в дорожно-транспортном происшествии и факторы, к нему приведшие. Вместе с тем существует лишь небольшое число объективных методов установления скорости движения автомобиля, применимых в экспертной практике.</p> <p>В статье на основе анализа современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы приведён анализ состояния указанной проблемы. Существующие методы рассмотрены в соответствии с главным принципом, положенным в основу каждого их них. Показано, что объективная оценка скорости транспортного средства в момент столкновения с неподвижной преградой (пешеходом) представляет сложную задачу, требующую применения множества разнообразных подходов, обладающих различной степенью применимости. Сделан вывод о необходимости проведения дальнейших исследований в области «морфологической» диагностики условий и обстоятельств дорожно-транспортных происшествий, связанных со столкновением движущегося автомобиля со стоящим пешеходом, с учётом актуальных конструктивных особенностей современных автотранспортных средств. Это будет способствовать не только всесторонней объективизации расследования дорожно-транспортных происшествий, но и дальнейшему развитию судебно-медицинской науки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在机动车与行人发生碰撞的道路交通事故中，明确碰撞瞬间的车辆行驶速度对侦查和调查人员依法准确判断驾驶员行为及事故成因具有重要意义。然而，目前适用于鉴定实践的客观测定车辆速度的方法数量有限。</p> <p>本文基于对俄罗斯及国外文献的综合分析，评述了该问题的研究现状。现有方法根据各自所依据的基本原理进行了分析。研究指出，客观评估车辆在与静止障碍物（如行人）碰撞时的速度是一个复杂任务，需综合运用多种适用性不同的方法。指出有必要在“形态学”诊断领域开展进一步研究，以考虑现代机动车的结构特点，明确与静止行人碰撞的道路交通事故的条件与情形。这不仅有助于实现交通事故调查的全面客观化，也将推动法医学研究的进一步发展。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traffic accident</kwd><kwd>vehicle</kwd><kwd>pedestrian</kwd><kwd>collision</kwd><kwd>speed</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дорожно-транспортное происшествие</kwd><kwd>автомобиль</kwd><kwd>пешеход</kwd><kwd>столкновение</kwd><kwd>скорость</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>道路交通事故</kwd><kwd>机动车</kwd><kwd>行人</kwd><kwd>碰撞</kwd><kwd>速度</kwd><kwd>鉴定方法</kwd><kwd>审查</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mishin AV. 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