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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Subscription journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Subscription journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подписной журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-8729</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4161</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16308</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/fm16308</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EDMLHM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphometric analysis of cricoid cartilage in Russian adults: a cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфометрический анализ перстневидного хряща у взрослого населения Российской Федерации: одномоментное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>俄罗斯联邦成年人群环状软骨形态测量学分析：一项横断面研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-100X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4910-8281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletaeva</surname><given-names>Maria P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаева</surname><given-names>Мария Петровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Poletaeva</surname><given-names>Maria P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>poletaeva_m_p@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5045-6773</contrib-id><name><surname>Boedi</surname><given-names>Rizky M.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>rizkymerdietio@lecturer.undip.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-4645</contrib-id><name><surname>Angelakopoulos</surname><given-names>Nikolaos</given-names></name><address><country country="CH">Switzerland</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nikolaos.angelakopoulos@unibe.ch</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-2781</contrib-id><name><surname>Franco</surname><given-names>Ademir</given-names></name><address><country country="BR">Brazil</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email>franco.gat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4597-5018</contrib-id><name><surname>De Luca</surname><given-names>Stefano</given-names></name><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><email>stfndlc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-2213</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1685-1802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotenkova</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотенкова</surname><given-names>Галина Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zolotenkova</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>zolotenkova.galina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution>Universitas Diponegoro</institution></aff><aff id="aff3"><institution>University of Bern</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic</institution></aff><aff id="aff5"><institution>University of Oviedo</institution></aff><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>338</fpage><lpage>346</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-28"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-03-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16308">https://nginx.mia-letum.ru/subscr/article/view/16308</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>A detailed understanding of cricoid cartilage dimensions is essential for various medical procedures, including surgical and emergency medicine, accurate identification in forensic medicine, and analyzing neck injuries. However, there are no dedicated studies on the morphology and morphometric analysis of the cricoid cartilage in the adult Russian population.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To collect and analyze the morphometric parameters of the adult cricoid cartilage in the Russian population and to compare the findings with similar studies on other populations.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>This observational cross-sectional single-center study included adult cadavers of either sex with no prior history of significant laryngeal surgery or pathology. Seventeen morphometric measurements were performed using a digital Vernier caliper and an electronic balance to assess sexual dimorphism and anatomical variation.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:<italic> </italic></bold>Sixty-seven formalin-fixed human larynges (37 M, 30 F) were examined. The study confirmed significant sexual dimorphism, with male cartilages being consistently larger than female cartilages across all parameters. No significant bilateral asymmetry was observed. In a global comparison, the dimensions of the Russian cohort were found to be larger than those of Western Indian populations, but smaller than Nigerian populations, showing the closest alignment with data from German and Korean cohorts.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:<italic> </italic></bold>The findings demonstrate that cricoid cartilage morphology is significantly influenced by sex and population ancestry. This study provides a valuable anatomical baseline that can enhance surgical planning, improve radiological assessments, and increase the accuracy of identification in forensic medicine, particularly for unidentified remains.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Глубокое знание размеров перстневидного хряща необходимо для планирования и проведения медицинских вмешательств, включая хирургическое лечение и неотложную терапию, для точной судебно-медицинской идентификации личности, а также для исследования повреждений шейного отдела. В то же время исследования по оценке морфологических и морфометрических параметров перстневидного хряща у взрослого населения Российской Федерации ранее не проводили.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Собрать и проанализировать данные о морфометрических характеристиках перстневидного хряща у взрослого населения Российской Федерации и сравнить полученные данные с результатами аналогичных исследований в других популяциях.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено наблюдательное одномоментное выборочное одноцентровое исследование. В него включали препараты из тканей трупов взрослых людей обоего пола, не подвергавшихся обширным хирургическим вмешательствам и не имеющих патологических изменений в области гортани. При этом выполнили 17 морфометрических измерений с применением цифрового штангенциркуля и электронных весов для анализа полового диморфизма и анатомических вариаций.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Провели анализ 67 препаратов гортани человека, зафиксированных в формалине (37 мужских и 30 женских образцов). Результаты исследования подтвердили выраженный половой диморфизм перстневидного хряща: у мужчин он стабильно крупнее по всем параметрам, чем у женщин. Выраженной двусторонней асимметрии не наблюдали. При сравнении с данными из других регионов мира установлено, что в российской когорте перстневидный хрящ крупнее, чем в Западной Индии, но меньше, чем в Нигерии. По размерам он сопоставим с данными по когортам из Германии и Южной Кореи.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные свидетельствуют о существенном влиянии половой и этнической принадлежности человека на морфологические характеристики перстневидного хряща. В исследовании получены ценные анатомические данные, которые могут повысить качество планирования хирургических вмешательств и рентгенографических исследований, а также повысить точность судебно-медицинской идентификации, особенно в отношении неопознанных останков.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证：</bold>深入了解环状软骨的尺寸对于规划和实施医疗干预（包括外科手术与紧急治疗）、精准的法医学个体身份识别以及颈部损伤研究都至关重要。然而，此前尚未在俄罗斯联邦成年人群中对环状软骨的形态学及形态测量学参数进行评估。</p> <p><bold>目的</bold><bold>：</bold>收集并分析俄罗斯联邦成年人群环状软骨的形态测量学特征数据，并将所得数据与其他人群的类似研究结果进行比较。</p> <p><bold>方法</bold><bold>：</bold>开展了一项观察性、横断面、抽样性、单中心研究。研究纳入了取自未接受过广泛外科手术且喉部无病理改变的成年男女尸体的喉部解剖标本。研究共进行了17项形态测量，使用数显卡尺测量线性参数，并使用电子天平称重，以分析性别二型性及解剖学变异。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold><bold>：</bold>分析了67例经福尔马林固定的人喉标本（男性37例，女性30例）。研究结果证实了环状软骨存在显著的性别二型性：男性的所有测量参数均稳定大于女性。未观察到明显的双侧不对称性。与世界其他地区的数据比较显示，俄罗斯人群的环状软骨尺寸大于西印度人群，但小于尼日利亚人群。其尺寸与德国及韩国人群的数据相当。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold><bold>：</bold>所获数据表明，个体的性别与种族归属对环状软骨的形态特征具有显著影响。本研究获得的宝贵解剖学资料，有助于提升外科手术规划与影像学研究的质量，并能提高法医学鉴定的准确性，特别是对于未知骸骨的身份识别。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cricoid cartilage</kwd><kwd>larynx</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>sex determination</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перстневидный хрящ</kwd><kwd>гортань</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>определение пола</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>环状软骨</kwd><kwd>喉</kwd><kwd>形态学</kwd><kwd>形态测量学</kwd><kwd>性别鉴定</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Joshi MM, Joshi SS, Joshi SD. 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